Old masonary tower analysis visual inspection, NDT, and macro-modeling

Abstract A comprehensive analysis was conducted on a 106-year-old masonry tower to assess its response gravitational forces and wind effects. Various techniques, including visual inspection, non-destructive testing, finite element (FEA), were employed in this study. Visual inspection played vital role evaluating the Tower’s exterior interior components, aiming detect signs of damage or wear at any level comparing them analyzed model. Dimensioned assembled drawings utilized create detailed 3D model, employing Ansys Workbench's macro homogeneous modeling techniques. Non-destructive testing carried out multiple structural parts tower, using such as rebound hammer ultrasonic pulse velocity tests, gather mechanical properties stone brick masonry. These incorporated into model evaluate Tower's responses during analysis. The tower's under determined standard code regulations guidelines, stress strain compared actual morphology observed inspection. highest found elements between connection dome drum second floor. Furthermore, tower’s wind, deformation, thoroughly examined same location, revealing maximum gravity loading. This study pinpointed critical weak areas that require retrofitting strengthening modern techniques safeguard these monumental historical structures for future generations. combined use proved be an effective approach assessing loading